A Formalist Analysis of Expression and Aesthetic Structure in Andrea Hirata’s Ayah

Abstrak

This study examines the formalist dimensions of expression in Ayah, a novel by Andrea Hirata. Employing a formalist approach to literary criticism, the analysis focuses on the internal structure of the text, stylistic language choices, and intrinsic literary elements, deliberately excluding external factors such as the author’s biography and socio-historical context. Andrea Hirata is widely recognized for his distinctive narrative voice, rich diction, evocative symbolism, and innovative narrative techniques. This research specifically investigates how formal elements such as metaphor, plot structure, setting, point of view, and dialogue, contribute to the expressive power of the novel and reinforce its central themes. In addition, it explores how Hirata’s linguistic constructions convey emotional depth and generate aesthetic pleasure for readers. The findings indicate that Ayah presents a complex narrative structure enriched by artistic language use. Formalist features, including symbolism, repetition, and irony, significantly deepen the narrative’s meaning and emotional resonance. Therefore, the study affirms that the novel’s aesthetic strength and emotional impact are primarily rooted in its formal elements, which effectively engage readers through refined literary techniques.